Indian Freedom Fighters Essay

Jawaharlal Nehru born on 14th November 1889 in Allahabad, was the graduation florescence minister of India and a central figure in Indian administration for much of the 20th century. He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian Independence Movement chthonic Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an commutative nation in 1947 until his finish in magnate in 1964. Nehru is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation- put up a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. A move nationalist since his teenage years, Nehru became a rising figure in Indian government activity during the upheavals of the 1910s. He became the prominent leader of the Indian field telling during the 1920s, and eventually of the entire Congress,. As Congress President, Nehru called for complete independence from Britain He was the principal author of the Indian Declaration of Independence (1929). As vertex see, Nehru set out to realise his vision of I ndia.The Constitution of India was enacted in 1950, by and by which he embarked on an ambitious program of scotch, social and semipolitical reforms. Chiefly, he oversaw Indias transition from a monarchy to a republic, while nurturing a plural, multi- get off the groundy democracy. In foreign policy, Nehru took a leading component part in Non-Alignment while intercommunicate India as a regional hegemon in South Asia. Under Nehrus leadership, the Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national political relation and taking consecutive elections in 1951, 1957, and 1962. He remained popular with the people of India in fire of political troubles in his final years and failure of leadership during Sino-Indian warfare. In India, his birthday is celebrated as Childrens Day. He died on whitethorn 27, 1964 in vernal Delhi. GulzariGulzarilal Nanda born on July 4 1898 in Sialkot, Pakistan, was an Indian politician and an economist with specialisation in labour problems. He was the lag strand minister of India twice for thirteen days each the beginning time after the death of point Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, and the succor time after the death of vizor Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966. The presidential term of India honoured Nanda with the Bharat Ratna award in 1997 Both his terms were uneventful, yet they were sensitive of block because of the potential danger to the country following(a) Nehrus death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastris death after a war with Pakistanin 1965. He died on January 15 1998 in New Delhi.Lal Bahadur ShastriLal Bahadur Shastri born on 2 October 1904 in Ramnagar, was the encourage Prime Minister of the Republic of India and a leader of the Indian matter Congress party. Shastri joined the Indian independence front in the 1920s. late impressed and influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, he became a loyal follower, head start of Gandhi, and and so of Jawaharlal Nehru. Following independence in 1947 , he joined the latters government and became one of Prime Minister Nehrus principal lieutenants, first as Railways Minister (195156), and consequently in a variety of new(prenominal) functions, including Home Minister.Shastri was chosen as Nehrus successor owing to his regard to Nehruvian socialism Shastri as Prime Minister continued Nehrus policies of non-alignment and socialism. He became a national hero following the victory in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965. His slogan of Jai Jawan Jai Kisan (Hail the soldier, Hail the farmer) became very popular during the war and is re divisioned even today.2 The war was formally ended in the Tashkent organization of 10 January 1966 he died the following day, still in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, of a summation attack on January 11 1966.Indira GandhiIndira Priyadarshini Gandhi born on 19 November 1917, was the tercet Prime Minister of India and a central figure of the Indian guinea pig Congress party. Gandhi, who served from 1966 to 1977 and t hen again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, is the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the only woman to hold the office. As Prime Minister, Gandhi became known for her political ruthlessness and unprecedented centralisation of power. She presided over a period where India emerged with greater power than in advance to become the regional hegemon of South Asia with considerable political, economic, and armament developments.Gandhi alike presided over a state of emergency from 1975 to 1977 during which she ruled by decree and made lasting changes to the constitution of India. She was assassinated on 31 October, 1984, in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star. In 2001, Gandhi was voted the greatest Indian Prime Minister in a poll unionised by India Today. She was similarly named Woman of the Millennium in apoll organised by the BBC in 1999.Morarji DesaiMorarji Desai born on 29 Feb 1896 in Valsad, was a celebrated Indian independence activist and the quartet th Prime Minister of India from 1977 1979. He was also the first Prime Minister to head Indias first non-Congress Government. At foreign fronts, Desai holds international fame for his peace activism and made notable efforts to initiate peace between two-rival South Asian states, Pakistan and India. After Indias first nuclear explosion in 1974,Smiling Buddha, Desai helped restore friendly traffic with China and Pakistan, and vowed to avoid armed conflict such(prenominal) as Indo-Pakistani war of 1971.Desai has the credible distinction of being the only Indian national to be conferred with Pakistans highest civilian award, Nishan-e-Pakistan, which was conferred on him by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1990 in a colorful ceremony. Domestically, he played crucial role in Indian nuclear program after it was targeted by major(ip) nuclear powers after conducting a surprise test in 1974. Later, his policies promoted social, health and administrative reforms in the country. He died on 10 April 1995 in New Delhi.Charan SinghChaudhuri Charan Singh , was the fifth Prime Minister of the Republic of India, serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980. Charan singh was born into a Jat family on celestial latitude 23, 1902 in city Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh. Charan Singh entered politics as part of the Independence Movement. After independence he became specially notable in the 1950s for opposing and winning a fight against Jawaharlal Nehrus socialistic and collectivist land use policies, for the sake of the Indian Farmer, which endeared him to the agrarian communities throughout the nation, particularly in his native Uttar Pradesh. The leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal, he was settled at the time for the largely honorary channel of proxy Prime Minister of India.During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, there was not a single party, thus it was problem, which symbol has to be adopted accordingly, a request was made to Chaudhary Charan Singh (Lok Dal) and he agreed to release his party-Lok Dals symbol HALDHAR. It was because of efforts of Raj Narain he later(prenominal) became Prime Minister in the year 1979. He was sworn in as Prime Minister with the represent of just 64 MPs.Charan Singh died on 29 May 1987 in NewDelhi. He was survived by his wife, Gayatri Devi and flipper children.Rajiv GandhiRajiv Ratna Gandhi born on 20 August 1944 in Mumbai, was the sixth Prime Minister of India, serving from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, his mother, to become the youngest Indian Prime Minister. For much of Rajivs puerility his grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru was top minister. He became a professional pilot for the Indian Airlines. In 1968, he married Sonia Gandhiand the couple settled down in Delhi to a domestic life with their children Rahul and Priyanka. Although for much of the 1970s his mother was prime minister, and his brother Sanjay wielded significant unofficial power, Rajiv remained apolitical. Aft er Sanjays death in a plane crash in 1980, Rajiv reluctantly entered politics at the behest of Indira.The following year he became a member of the Lok Sabha . As part of his political grooming, Rajiv was made a general secretary of the Congress and given up significant responsibility in organising the 1982 Asian Games. Rajiv Gandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991. While campaigning for the elections, he was assassinated by a self-annihilation bomber from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in May 21 1991 in Sriperumbudur. Rajiv Gandhi was awarded the highest civilian award by the government of India, Bharat Ratna in 1991.V. P. SinghVishwanath Pratap Singh born on 25 June 1931 in Allahabad, was the 7th Prime Minister of India. His initial ministry consisted of the following Cabinet ministers and their departments. The Cabinet was functional from the 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990. Hence , he was ousted less than a year later. To hold unwieldy partners hip together proved to be a formidable task. Additionally, Singh faced secessionist movements in the states of Punjab and Kashmir. The latter threatened to erupt into armed conflict with Pakistan in earlier 1990 and exacerbated Hindu-Muslim conflict in the country.Known as a consensus builder, skilled negotiator, and a person of strong will, Singhs talents were considerable, but were stretched to their utmost and ultimately failed. Singh held the post as Prime Minister less than a year due topressures from political rivals and an electorate increasingly polarized along caste and religious lines. He died on November 10, 2006 in New Delhi.Chandra ShekharChandra Shekhar Singh born on 17 April 1927 in Ibrahimpatti, was the 8th Prime Minister of India. He became the eighth Prime Minister of India on 10 November 1990 as Congress decided to extend outside support to his government. The relationship crumbled quickly, as the Congress party accused him of spying on Rajiv Gandhi, their lead er at that time.3 The Congress Party then boycotted Parliament and as Shekhars faction only had 64 MPs, he resigned in a nationally televised address on 6 March 1991. He remained in office until national elections could be held later that year.4It was during these elections that Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated.Shekhar was known for abiding by the parliamentary conventions and was honoured with the inaugural Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 1995.3 Shekhar was a member of the Lok Sabha, Indias lower house of Parliament. He led the Samajwadi Janata Party. Starting in 1977, he won elections to the Lok Sabha eight times from Ballia constituency in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Chandra Shekhar suffered from four-fold myeloma, a form of cancer of the plasma cell. He had been hospitalised for over tierce months by the date of his death, aged 80, in New Delhi on 8 July 2007 P. V.Narasimha RaoPamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao born on 28 June 1921 in Vangara, Karimnagar, was an Indian lawyer, pol itician and granting immunity fighter1 who served as the ninth Prime Minister of India from1991 to 1996. He led an weighty administration, overseeing a major economic transformation and some(prenominal) home incidents change national security of India.3 Rao who held the Industries portfolio was personally responsible for the dismantling of the Licence Rajas this came under the purview of the Ministry of business and Industry.4 He is often referred to as the Father of Indian Economic Reforms.56Future prime ministers Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh continued the economic reform policies pioneered by Raos government. Rao accelerated the dismantling of the License Raj, reversing the socialist policies of Rajiv Gandhis government.He engaged Dr. Manmohan Singh as his Finance Minister to embark on historic economictransition. With Raos mandate, Dr. Manmohan Singh launched Indias globalisation angle of the reforms that implemented the International financial Fund (IMF) polici es to rescue the almost bankrupt nation from economic collapse.4 Rao was also referred to as Chanakya for his ability to steer tough economic and political lawmaking through the parliament at a time when he headed aminority government.78 Rao died on December 23, 2004 of a heart attack in New Delhi. He was cremated in Hyderabad.10 He was a versatile personality with interests in a variety of subjects such as literature and computer software. He mouth 17 languages.H. D. Deve GowdaHaradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda born 18 May 1933 in Haradanahalli was the 11th Prime Minister of India from 1996 to 1997 and the 14th Chief minister of the state of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. He is an potent leader of the Vokkaliga community and is popularly known as Mannina maga (Son of the soil) for espousing the cause of the farmers.He is the National President of the Janata Dal (Secular) party. He earned his Diploma in well-behaved Engineering from Smt.L.V. Polytechnic, Hassan, Karnataka.2 He ma rried Smt. Chennamma and the couple have 4 sons and 2 daughters. His parents, Shri Dodde Gowda and Smt. Devamma were from a middle class agricultural background.6 Hence, he was exposed to the hardships of farmers, advance(prenominal) in his life and later became a champion of the farmers cause.5I.K. GujralInder Kumar Gujral was an Indian politician who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998. Inder Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in Jhelum, pakistan. He studied at D.A.V. College, Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College University, Lahore. He also participated in the Indian independence movement and was jailed in 1942 during the Quit India Movement. As a student he became a member of the Communist Party of India. Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon, Haryana, on 19 November 2012, after being diagnosed with a lung infection.38He had suffered a serious chest infection a few days b efore being admitted to the hospital39 following more than a year of dialysis.15 His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be very critical. On 27 November, he fell unconsciousand his urine output system stop working. Gujral died on 30 November 2012. The government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December.Atal Bihari VajpayeeAtal Bihari Vajpayee born 25 December 1924 in Gwalior, is an Indian statesman who served as the 10th Prime Minister of India, in three non-consecutive terms, first for 13 days in 1996, then for 13 months from 1998 to 1999 and then from 1999 to 2004 for a full five year term. A parliamentarian for over four decades, Vajpayee was elected to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Indias Parliament) nine-spot times, and twice to the Rajya Sabha (upper house). He is the only one to be elected from four different states at different times (Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Delhi.) H e won his first election from Balrampur and later he moved to Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, until 2009, when he retired from active politics due to health concerns. Vajpayee was among the founding members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh political party and had also been its President. He was also the Minister of External Affairs in the storage locker of Morarji Desai.Manmohan SinghManmohan Singh is the 13th and current Prime Minister of India. A renowned economist, he is the only Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after finish a full five-year term, and the first non-Hindu to hold the office. Born on family 26, 1932 in Gah , Pakistan, Singhs family migrated to India during its partition in 1947. He received a BA from Cambridge, and after obtaining his doctorate in economics from Oxford, Singh worked for the United Nations in 196669. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an consultant in the Ministry of Foreign Trade. Over the 70s and 80s, Singh held several key posts, in theGovernment of India such as Chief Economic Advisor (197276), Reserve Bank governor (198285) and Planning Commission head (198587).In 2004, when the Congress-led United Progressive hamper (UPA) came to power, its chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished the premiership to Manmohan Singh. This Singh-led UPA I government executed several key legislations and projects, including the Rural HealthMission, Unique Identification Authority, Rural body of work Guarantee scheme and Right to Information Act. In 2008, opposition to a historic civil nuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singhs government to fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support. Although Indias parsimony grew rapidly under UPA I, its security was threatened by several terrorist incidents (including the 2008 Mumbai attacks) and the chronic Maoist insurgency.The 2009 general election saw the UPA return with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of Prime Minister.