Evolution of Management Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Management EssayFrom the Biblical times we visualise monarchies of the time use some form of anxiety to lord over the great kingdoms such as the Egyptians who used hierarchy commission to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites through the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in charge of the kingdom of Israel. In Ancient civilizations, the Roman Empire made use of devolved political relation to manage the vast empires resources. This was d one and only(a) through governors who were in charge of certain aras as we see in the bible during the birth of Jesus Christ. We can picture artifacts that in old cities such as capital of Israel where we find aqueducts that give us an idea of how they managed the water resources. Modernization of the world take to cities and towns that brought about the expect to manage the resources in order to bid services to the people living within them. We also find management in the church and military be fore the industrial revolution.The Roman Catholic Church is one example that has had an impact on management as we see in the catholic hierarchy led by the pope and includes cardinals, patriarchs, and bishops. The Military has greatly influenced management through power vested in positions in the range of mountains of command. Management continued to evolve and we find individuals in history who have made contributions to the art of management as we know it Luka Pacioli was an Italian mathematician considered the father of accounting.He invented the double entry accounting system. Adam metalworker was a political economist whose concepts on economics at the beginning of the industrial revolution contributed greatly to management today. Robert Owens, Charles Babbage, heat content Vernum Poor and Henry Robinson Towne are other individuals who were influential to management in this era. With the blast of the industrial revolution, new ways of management came into play as new generat ions looked to increase productivity of organizations. guileless EraScientific Management Scientific management was pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor a mechanical engineer who sought-after(a) to improve industrial efficiency. He saw the need to have management design jobs properly and provide incentives to motivate workers to achieve higher productivity. His ideology was to find the best practice, decompose the task into its constituent elements and channel rid of things that do not add value. Taylors scientific management gave way to specialization and is considered the understructure to many other management systems that came after. Taylor was supported in this new way of management by Henry Gantt who is ac ascribe with the Gantt chart that is widely used for project management. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were also early advocates of the scientific management system. Through the motion study, Frank sought to make the processes more efficient by reducing the motions date Lillians interest was on the human aspect of work. The human aspect of the scientific management principles assay to understand the workers personality and needs.Administrative ManagementHenri Fayol, was a French engineer and manager of the mines developed the administrative theory of management. He viewed management as an activity common to all human undertakings. He is credited to giving us the first comprehensive functions of management1.Planning2.Organizing 3.Command/Direct 4.Coordinate 5.Control He urged that management was an all include activity that should be taught in schools, colleges and universities. This approach proposed that management is a skill which can be acquired if its principles are understood and rejected the idea that managers are born, not made.Bureaucratic ManagementA German Sociologist, Max Webers approach to management was by focusing on the organizational structure. His views shared out organizations into hierarchies with clear lines of authority and control, divided labor such that authority and responsibility are clearly delineate and legitimized, organizational officials are appointed and not elected, organization members are selected on the basis of their technical arriere pensee obtained through formal education and training. Organizations are to treat all employees and customers equally and not be influenced by differences. Webers principles on organizing can create stable, organized and systematic organizations but make it toilsome for the organization to adapt to changing environments and new challenges.Neo-Classical EraOperations Management (Research) Operations management, also cognise as quantitative management, gives a quantitative basis for decision making. It is characterised by the search for the optimal suffice to a problem by using quantitative models. It specially deals with the development of mathematical models to aid in decision making and problem solving. This theory holds that managing is a logical and ration ale process, so it can be expressed in terms of mathematical models.