The Relationship Between Firm Performance and Corporate Term Paper

The Relationship Between Firm movement and Corporate Diversification - Term Paper ExampleIt is the hope of this author that such(prenominal) an identification and understanding be helpful in further defining diversity and exposing the way in which further productiveness can be had thereby leading an organization to experience a benefit. Overview of Issues and Definitions Although there are currently many definitions of what diversity ultimately means, for purposes of this brief analysis, it will be defined as the extent and take aim to which the organization/entity in question is able to effectively represent the realities of the environment within which it operates. Ultimately, such a definition implies that diversity in an of itself should be a means by which the organization seeks to reflect the racial, ethnic, and spiritual realities of both the market that it seeks to compete within and the population that it draws from stop in such a way, such a broad definition allows for this direct of diversity not only impact upon the way in which healthcare provision is conducted within a particular region but also have far-reaching applications with regards to how individuals move with and represent those populations with which they seek to provide healthcare solutions for. Diversity cannot and should not be understood as save trying to fill slots within a corporate structure. Instead, qualified individuals that can both represent the unavoidably of the firm/entity as well as press further diversity are the ones that should be hired. below no circumstances should a business entity, or any other entity for that matter, ever engage in seeking to hire specific race, gender, or ethnicity. Ultimately, such process, although oftentimes engaged in the desire to erect diversity is the polar opposite of what equality should mean for all applicants. Ultimately, a final no go that should be referenced is the fact that the firm should be perennially aware of the fac t that its diversity is truly much a part of its culture. In such a way, the extent and level of importance or lack of importance that diversity espouses is ultimately reflected within the culture of the firm at each and any level. Literature Review In seeking to trace an understanding of diversity, the first article that will be mentioned within this brief literature review is entitled Shifting the Diversity Climate (Ringold & Feinstein, 2011). As such, Ringold and Feinsten berth to the ways in which firms have recently made a marked shift towards seeking to promote greater degrees of diversity in the hopes that it could boost their success. Realizing that it is not possible for a firm to be juicy and exist and thrive in a market that is itself increasingly diverse, As such, the authors argue that firms have sum up to realize the means of capturing such a market was at least tangentially dependent upon the level of diversity they could represent (Hewlitt et al., 2013). A simil ar approach is made with respect to Anand and Winters (2008) analysis that sought to flux a further level of appreciation for the way in firms led the shift towards appreciating

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing - Assignment ExampleThe purpose of SWOT analysis is to abide a realistic appraisal of the firm and the environment in which it operates. SWOT provides a basis for the look of realistic goals and objectives and strategies for their implementation. Without a SWOT analysis the firms planning process is fatally flawed. Planning is an data-based activity and, without information planning, quickly degenerates into a political exercise in selling individual biases and preconceptions. Further complicating matters is that if SWOT is non essentially conducted, there is no basis upon which to assess progress toward the accomplishment of goals and objectives and the accountability upon which managerial reassure is based also quickly degenerates. There are significant benefits to SWOT. By the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, strategies can be designed to efficiently allocate the organizations resources, hence increasing overall organizational effe ctiveness. SWOT can pick out profitable opportunities and high-risk ventures that enhance the firms effectiveness. Preventive measures can be designed to avoid major environmental threats that may save large amounts of resources that might otherwise be required to correct damage from those environmental threats. ... There are several environments in which a firm functions. These environments are the economic environment, the sociopolitical environment, and the technological environment. all(prenominal) of these environments has important components and implications for the strategic planning process. The economic environment consists of both factor and product merchandises considerations. The availability of sustenance market structures, intermediate goods, labor, and the price levels within these areas will determine the costs of production for the firm. The product market its relative competitiveness, whether it is expanding or contracting and its continued viability will dete rmine the ability of the firm to generate revenues from that market. The instance presented here examines the crisis and ongoing problems of Marks & Spencer, one of Britains best known retail brands that has experienced after umpteen years of unbroken success. The case examines the factors that contributed to perhaps the most serious threat that the company has faced in its over 100-year history and identifies the implications for the companys future public relations strategy. Marks & Spencer (M&S) is one of the UKs largest, best-known retailers and their brand has been correspondent with reliability, value and quality for generations. Marks & Spencer has been viewed as setting the standards that other retailers have striven to match over the years and, until recently, was recognized as one of Britains best-managed companies with an enviable track record of successful growth and profits. The company has systematically been rated as Britains most favored company in surveys among business leaders. The name

Comparing NorthWest Cost and Great Plains( about Archaeology) Essay

comparison NorthWest Cost and gigantic Plains( about Archaeology) - Essay ExampleCrop production is likely to be aff4cted by the changes of climate and atmospheric conditions. Geoff (2005) Geoff (2005) notes that evaluated CO do increase photosynthesis of plants and ultimately its production. Temperature level and precipitation amounts behave a potential of affecting crop production in a negative or affirmatory manner. Negative effect will be due to unfavor commensurate climatic changes. The final level of CO is dependent on the local anaesthetic climatic conditions, for instance, summer air temperatures and higher springs may be deity for crop production in northern temperature where they will increase the growing season. On the other croak higher temperatures may being negative effect to crops especially on crop maturity (Geoff, 2005)The broad(a) region of Great Plains is characterized with low annual rainfall, in many cases there is concentration of storms though in a short duration. The temperatures in region keep on fluctuating though the region has mean(a) winds which are equivalent to those found in other areas.As historian Prescott W in his phonograph recording the great plains suggests, the north westerly European people who settled in the region was faced which three study problems, these were environmental encounters, which wereThe landscap 1. Soaring summer temperature in the region2. Arid southwest and inner west3. Great unending grasslands which were located a drag in the country (Prescott,1933)The Great Plains environmentThe landscape and undergrowth of the grasslands is amongst the slightest varied to be located in anyplace in United States. Early on settlers who followed the Oregon Trail were able to get to the Pacific coast in a single spell of travel, this was partly because of easiness to cross the grasslands. The region is located wholly within the inner lowlands physiographic area. The core sedimentary beds fall smoothly. Height increases steadily, some unnoticeably, from the east side to the west side. Along the eastern border, the height is only 500 meters, while the west parts of Colorado, Denver, has a height of over 1,500 meters. (Zeynep et al, 2004)Geographically, the biggest part of Great Plains is known as the High Plains which stretch down the western margin of the area from south Texas going northward to the southern Nebraska. The region is cover by substantial layer of sediments which are mostly very sandy and very porous, this part is typically flat. However down streams for example, Scottsbluff on the Platte River in western Nebraska erosion has resulted in considerable local relief. (Siegried et al, 2004) Settlement patternsPre-European settlement of the Great Plains by Indian American was restricted. Hunting, especially for buffalo, at that time was the virtuoso economic activity. Many tribes were living alongside streams in partially permanent homes. With no ways of straightaway long-dis tance land movement the Indians could not live far from the dependable piddle provisions of the water streams for any prolonged period. This was a considerable problem, since the migration of the buffalo herds meant going leaving the Indian settlers without food (Siegried et al, 2004)The initial American observation of the area as discouraging and not easy place to settle

Questions on Foundations of normal labour Essay

Questions on Foundations of normal labour - rise ExampleFirst stage of labour begins with uterine contractions that are regular and ends with complete dilatation of the cervix, i.e. 10 cm. This stage may be divided into early latent phase, an vigorous phase and a transitional phase. During the latent phase, the uterine contractions are irregular and mild. The cervix begins to shorten and soften. The cervix is dilated 1-4cm. Contractions of the uterus may or may not be regular and may be associated with back paroxysm, abdominal cramps, show, rupture of membranes, mucoid vaginal discharge and passage of the mucus plug. Active phase begins when the cervix is 3-4 cm dilated. The dilatation rapidly pluss and presenting fetal part descends. The uterine contractions are much stronger and last for longer period, approximately 40-45 seconds. They are also much frequent. Contractions may be accompanied by pain in this stage. The cervix is dilated upto 8cm. This phase is followed by the tra nsitional stage. Cervix dilatation is 8-10cm. The contractions of the uterus are stronger and of longer duration, 50-60seconds. Other symptoms in this stage are discomfort, hiccups, abrasive abdomen, behavioural changes, restlessness, nausea and vomiting, increased perspiration, heavy show that is profusely dark, rupture of membranes, low back ache and sensation of stretching in deep pelvis. The first stage of labour ends when the cervix is dilated at 10 cm. ... At term, cortisol production of fetus increases. This causes increase in the production of estrone and estradiol and fall production of progesterone from placenta. This amounts to increase in uterine activity because, basically, while progesterone suppresses the activity of the uterus, estradiol increases it. Increased production of prostaglandins occurs which contribute to increased activity of the myometrium. All these changes amount to release of oxytocin and new(prenominal) hormones like CRH, activin A, follistatin, relaxin and hCG, which further increase myometrial activity (Fraser and Cooper, 2006). Towards term, softening of cervix occurs payable to decrease in collagen and increase in proteolytic enzymes. This partly occurs due to increased production of hyaluronc acid which decreases the affinity between collagen and fibronectin. due(p) to affinity of hyaluronic acid towards water, the cervix gradually softens and ripens. Even cervix contracts from the point of dilatation of 3-4 cm. However, in the active phase of labour, dilatation of cervix mainly occurs due to passive stretching of contractions of the uterus (Fraser and Cooper, 2006). The uterine pressures in first stage of labour rise to 20-30mmHg during contraction. The contractions occur every 10-15 minutes and lasts for 30-40 seconds. The intensity of contractions increases to a maximal of 50mmHg. Pain develops when the amniotic pressures increase beyond 25mmHg. Uterine contractions cause dilatation and effacement of the cervix d ue to shortening of the fibers of the myometrium in the upper segment of the uterus. This is called retraction. The lower segment of the uterus

Translations of the American Anthem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Translations of the the Statesn Anthem - Essay ExampleThe researcher states that in a world of muti-culturalism, where we declare ourselves to be animated in a global village, the issue of translating a national anthem is not only politically sensitive, alone problematic. This is so, simply because the act of translation is always seen as a transgression of the natural site of nationalism and belonging. Translating a national anthem not only takes us back to an epistomological search of our roots, but can break the politicized realms of an community of nationalists and the idea of a nation. When to come to discuss something as intellectually move as the translation of the American field of study Anthem, it is to be kept in mind that the issue would natively move out from the general quarters of translationary activities and delve into the more serious issues of political smell and the inherent problems of multi culturalism. What the real problem happens in the act of translati on is the intent of having the anthem in several National Languages or trying to have several versions of a National Anthem. In the translation of the anthem in 1919, the wuthot makes a conscious effort to go beyond the confines of narrower linguistic theories. His translation addresses the matter of school text interpretation based not just on the words of the text but on the intent of the author, the relationship of the author to the intended audience, the culture and world view of the audience. Thus, his translation of the National Anthem of America is based on the wider context of the communication situation.

An arguement for the use of Natural Gas as a replacement for Fossil Essay

An arguement for the use of Natural blow out as a supervene uponment for Fossil Fuels - Essay ExampleOne of the reasons why essential gas should flip fossil fuels is that the former is relatively cheaper. In fact, according to a report by OilPrice.com, the cost of anele today is over $14 to get a million BTU or British Thermal Unitbut only $2.30 if you were willing to use natural gas as an alternative (Hamilton, 2012). That heart savings of $11.70 per million BTU, which translates to an astronomic value in reality. Although petroleum once had the same cost as crude oil, from 1997 to 2007, the trend has straight changed in favor of the former (Hamilton, 2012). The cheap cost of natural gas is attributed to the fact that America set outs tercet billion more cubic feet or 85M cubic meters of natural gas a day out of the end than it can consume (Natural Gas going Engine, 2012). Moreover, when compared to scorch, it would cost 12 cents or more per kilowatt-hour to produce ele ctricity from dirty coal compared to 6 cents only from clean natural gas (Natural Gas Difference Engine, 2012). ... Without responsible stewardship, one would not seek ways to use the most efficient means of producing electricity and just be content with what is expensive. Another reason why natural gas should replace fossil fuels is that the former is cleaner compared to the latter. According to a report in the New York Times concerning zippo sources, natural gas has become more popular as a major international trade good because it burns cleaner than oil and coal and produces less greenhouse gases (Krauss, 2012). These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. Moreover, natural gas does not leave any carbon deposits in the engine, and so reducing the natural wear of the engine and so there are fewer oil changes (Natural Gas Difference Engine, 2012). Natural gas is actually only methane, or CH4, which is merely a one-carbon compound wit h four hydrocarbons, thus it is relatively less harmful than chemicals with long carbon chains. Besides, the use of natural gas would hypothetically focus sulfur dioxide emissions by 55% and mercury emissions by 30% and greenhouse gas emissions by 15% because natural gas emits virtually no sulfur dioxide and mercury, and only 22% less greenhouse gases compared to diesel engine (Environmental Benefits, 2012). In fact, natural gas is 28% cleaner than petroleum and 40%-100% cleaner than coal (Stevens, 2012). Another reason for the proposal that the United States should replace fossil fuels with natural gas is the added benefit of boosting the lands economy especially if the United States sells natural gas to other countries. Several energy companies in the country announced the

Discuss whether there is such a phenomenon as global culture Essay

Discuss whether there is such a phenomenon as ball-shaped culture - Essay ExampleThe establishment and development of the realistic world has, in return, aided in the exhibit of creating a world of know directge that is freely acquirable on the internet. This has resulted in a free and smooth distribution of information to masses all over the world. The availability of knowledge and information to people hardened in various parts of the world has led to the process of evolution of consumer demand. People and masses located in the emerging economies and developing countries argon expressing the passion to acquire the same brands of products and services, that be being enjoyed by the people and masses located in the more than advanced countries that have certain economies. As a result of the spill over of consumer demand from the developed economies to various undeveloped markets, bran-new markets and new economies are being nominated. The corporations around the world, i n an attempt to find a significant amount of growth, are focusing on the process of developing the markets, that are located in the emerging economies, by fulfilling the new kind of consumer demand that is starting to evolve in that grouchy area. Talking with regard to the formation of value chain that is getting developed around the globe on a regular basis, it can be utter that in most of the economically emerging regions and countries, the consumers are trying to move up the value chain. It can be said that, in an attempt to create a symbiotic relationship with the consumer demand that is getting formed, the corporations and globular companies, that are trying to enter the new markets, are focusing on the process of development of brands that can move down the value chain. By doing so, the global and international companies are trying to form a symbiotic relationship with the customers, wherein the customers growing demands are being fulfilled by the companies. Global Culture Overview It can be said that in at presents high-end modern age environment, where the connectivity of the internet, powered by various high level sophisticated devices the likes of Smart phones, and I-pads, is making significant impact in the lives of the masses around the world, the effect of spill over of information, knowledge and cultural trends cannot be ignored. Talking with regard to spill over of trends, it can be said that the development of a global marketplace, where goods and services are created and delivered to the consumers using various platforms like cable to business, business to consumers or even consumers to consumers, has helped in the process of formation of a culture, that is familiar to many consumers irrespective of their carriage and distribution in various geographical locations. In brief, it can be rightly stated that the global marketplace is contributing to the formation of a similarity in trends of expending as well as behavioural patterns of mas ses all over the world. These similar kinds of behavioural patterns are helping in the process of development and growth of global citizens It can be said that global culture, in very impartial terms, represents a variety of more or less similar trends, practices and behaviours which are expressed and displayed by the global citizens. It is necessary to state here that global culture represents a diverse mix of various trends, consumption patterns and styles of living which currently exist in various countries around the world. These diverse trends and consumption patte

Challenges and security issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Challenges and certificate issues - Research Paper manikinTherefore, the organization fai lead to follow the standards laid down in testing the harvesting in the beginning releasing it to the market. That led to the soft ware line. Laudon (2011) says that in regard to technology, MacAfees system blended to detect possible dangers the product was present to consumers using the windows XP and Service Pack 3, which was widely used in desktop PC configuration. In this case, expert factors played a strong role in MacAfees soft ware problem. Question 2 MacAfee confounded a significant number of its customers as a result of the software problem. Actually, the company illogical loyalty of its key clients after their computers crushed as a result of antivirus updates. According to Laudon (2011), the company lost most of its customers as a result of managements sluggish response to the crisis, and the companys initial effort to ignore the issues impact to the consumers. MacAfees reput ation in the bodied business environment was dented as a result of its misleading reaction to the technical hitches on its systems. On the other hand, consumers businesses were affected as a result of their computers being crippled. According to Laudon (2011), this slowed down the prescript operation of consumers businesses hence leading to loses and idle time in labor. ... This was contrary to the fact that a significant number of clients were affected. Question 4 MacAfees management should come up with a set of standards meant to suss out adherence to testing procedures. This will facilitate efforts meant to determining a products quality before being released into the market. According to Laudon (2011), this will help to curb any deterrent effect a product may have on consumers. Chapter 8 How Secure is the Cloud Question 1 With respect to the security problem of tracking unofficial activity, this can be controlled using a cloud vendor. According to Laudon (2011), this is a pu blic company whose mandatory requirement by law is to disclose how it manages information. On the other hand, the problem can be controlled by use of cloud vendor that allow subscribers to choose where their cloud cypher work takes place. Question 2 People who contribute to security problems in the cloud include those who hack writer into data bases and try to access companies information. They do this despite the fact that information stored within the subject databases is self-appointed to them. According to Laudon (2011), these people pose a security threat to companies information as they subject them to unauthorized alterations. In addition, organizations contribute to unauthorized access as they fail to pay attention to their security practices. Laudon (2011) agrees that they fail to secure their infrastructure. Lastly, the high cost of technology contributes to security problems. That is because of the dynamics and high costs associated with advanced technology. intimatel y firms cannot afford secure systems for them to store and back

Perception of mathematics of first year students Literature review

knowledge of mathematics of first social class students - Literature review ExampleMost first division students go away perceive mathematics as a difficult subject and preserved for the bright and interested students. These blackball perceptions make most first year students, in most cases girls approach the subject with a ostracize attitude, and this undermines their performance. The study of mathematics in schools has not been distinctively defined, and it is not a culture or measure out free field (Ernest, 2000). This means that mathematics in schools is not viewed as being the same as mathematics in other academic fields or research areas. Appreciating mathematics among first year students is usually expressed in their ability of comprehending the major branches and notions of mathematics. It is also viewed as the ability of students to establish the interconnections or interdependencies that exist in the field. The study of mathematics usually compels its communal applic ations in the fields of governance, commerce, education on with industry. Traditionally, mathematics was viewed as compulsory for all students who had ambitions of venturing into various academic fields (Ernest, 2000). However, this has changed with most students in the current times not viewing it as vital for every member of their population. This is because of the revolution going on across many academic fields (Ducksworth, 2008). Students across many schools perceive mathematics as a study reserved for a few people who are left in charge of arbitrary the major systems in their economies (Ernest, 2000). This is because they view it is a hard subject and this negative perception undermines performance. Success achieved in the field of mathematics is not perceived by the students to be the main determinant of economic success within a country (Clements, Sarama & DiBiase, 2004). The students perceive mathematics as not being the most measurable element of the revolution of info rmation. They view the other subjects taught in the school curriculums and skills acquired through every day expend as being the most vital determinants of the revolution in information (Ernest, 2000). Students in their first year of school perceive the study of mathematics as a study of doing things (Marshall, 2007). Very few students are involved in reading mathematical textbooks and are instead involved in the act of declaration problems through doing actual things (Clements, Sarama & DiBiase, 2004). The language that is used in studying mathematics in schools is composed of imperatives that eclipse students to perform certain tasks in specific ways. This implies that the capabilities of studying mathematics are perceived by students as being dominant and covering their overall studies in different fields (Ducksworth, 2008). Additionally, students perceive mathematics as a field that requires their understanding and abilities to work out problems (Marshall, 2007). This looks l ike a task for many students, and they result approach mathematics with a bad attitude, which challenges their performance. Many first year students also believe that virtuoso cannot develop an appreciation for the field of mathematics without him or her having the capability of working out solutions (Ernest, 2000). According to Popham (2005), virtually of the students fail to achieve a high performance in schools due to the overvaluing or undervaluing of the field

Airline Industry Competitive Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Airline Industry Competitive Analysis - Essay ExampleIts use is expected to drop by a minimal figure from 45% to 43% in the coming decades but impart further find suitable use.It is suggested that the aerospace manufacturing utilizes an estimated 950 million pounds in raw materials annually. The figure is expected to heighten by half in the subsequent years. The use of Aluminum and steel will further advance as they provide the quality and strength needed to sustain overall development of the sector as stipulated by the government. Composites including glass-fiber and carbon has increased and will further accelerate annually experiencing a 10% utility. Titanium and nickel are other metal that find their application to boost overall productivity of the industry. With these trends there lies a provision that dictates the amount of materials needed to be applied to achieve maximum returns. A steady ascending in the overall growth would determine the quality of material applied in th e production. The US air passage has grown massively with its stressing on the need to produce quality products that abide to the set moral standards. With much input of the raw materials in the production process, maximum returns are

Intercultural public relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intercultural existence relations - Essay ExampleThis has forced the field of universe relation to device ways on how to deal with this line and several theories or ways have been formed as guidelines on dealings with the issue of intercultural general relations1. This paper will try to look into detail how the intercultural public relation problem has been addressed by different theories and how these theories differ and their similarities, it will look at the importance of studying intercultural public relations. One of the theories of intercultural public relations is the cross-cultural adaptation that was brought forward by Robert Park, in this representative he identified four steps in this theory that people have to undergo. The first step is the come through step where the individual is exposed to another farming this is followed by competition where the two different cultures repugn against each other. Thirdly, this is where the less dominant culture learns to accomm odate the cultural aspects of the dominant one and fin altogethery he is assimilated into the group and he learns to assimilate other members. One of the theories under this is epistemology where an individual acquires communicational skills from the dominant culture and his own way of thinking is transformed in to that of the host2. In another dimension, the public curve model that is mainly practised in countries that are hierarchical in nature such as India and in Africa, however in other countries such as the United States of America it is practised in stripped-down levels. In this case, public relation is not with respect to the larger community or a group, rather it is with people of a higher social class or those with influence. This is where people with more personal influence are likely to achieve their goals or higher levels of success. Dialogic method is another way in which intercultural public relations can be viewed this is where the geological formation and the p ublic that it is addressing are viewed as equal partners. In this model, all people are brought on board in the decisions of the organisation. As the name suggests, it involves dialogue between an organisation and the public without bias or prejudice and it appreciates the opinions and personal worth of every stakeholder of the organisation. This method involves admitting when one caller is wrong, empathising and allowing the decisions made collectively to change the way things are done, it aims at building strong and long endure relationships in the process of doing business. In working with this model a lot of interpersonal and intercultural communication skills are required and a genuine concern for people and it is not dictated by pre mediated rules and regulations. imputable to the diversity of individual and stakeholder in different sectors, understanding of their varied and different cultural backgrounds helps in shrewd how to deal with them. Genre approach to intercultura l public relations in this case helps public relation detective or theorist to understand the various cultural backgrounds and communication styles and not merely trying to consecrate information that an organisation wants the public to know3. An intercultural public relation expert should engage in six activities that accommodate identifying the special characteristics of the situation or culture, identifying the intended effects on the audience, clarifying the motivational intention of the organisatio

Ritz Carlton Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ritz Carlton - Case Study ExampleAccording to the hotels motto employees are considered as valuable and definitive as the guests they serve, We are ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemen (McDonald, 2004). The company believes that their employees are its greatest assets and should be set as such.The hotel is real selective in hiring employees that they believe will be suitable for the job. They take in consideration the status employees personality and attitude rather than just hiring based on experience. This order allows the hotel to select employees that not alone will provide excellent customer service but will also be able with the job they are doing. According to a director of training at one the hotels locations, If you want to get through service excellence, you must select people who want to go with you (Lampton, 2003). After they are hired, the hotel provides all employees with enormous training that prepares them to face any difficulties that they whit ethorn encounter on the job. It is estimated that the Ritz-Carlton spends an average of $5000 training each revolutionary hire (McDonald, 2004).The secret to Ritz-Carltons high employee retention localise is not high wages or perks. In fact, wages and benefits are equivalent to any other luxury hotel. The key to companys high retention rate is creating an environment in which employees feel that they are valued subdivisions of a dedicated team and are treated with respect. Employee birthdays are celebrated along with employment anniversaries (McDonald, 2004). Hotel leaders have high expectations from each staff member but do not expect them to perform tasks that they themselves cannot accomplish. Obviously, these methods are proving to be genuinely effective since the one-year employee turn over rate in Ritz-Carlton hotels is 25% while other luxury hotels have a rate of 44% (Lampton, 2003).Employees are involved in the appendage of change rather than having it forced upon the m from hotel centering. For example, at some hotel locations employees are videotaped performing everyday duties such as setting tables. Later, participating employees watch the videotape with management and discuss ways in which their service can be improved (Lampton, 2003). In addition, every employee has the forefinger to spend up to $2,000 to resolve a guests problem without having to ask management for approval. This hands on method results in a high employee satisfaction rate by giving employees more control over their profession and motivates them to do a better job by involving them directly in the change process (McDonald, 2004).The hotel has an open door policy when it comes to accessibility. Dissatisfied employees can easily talk to hotel managers about any problems that they may encounter on the job and ask for guidance. On a routine bum, employees are involved in 15-minute daily talks in which they discuss the core values of the hotel such as excellent customer serv ice. This method enforces enthusiasm among the employees because they have a chance to share their work experiences with each other. The Ritz-Carlton is one of very few large companies that focuses attention on core values on a daily basis (McDonald, 2004).Although the hotel does an excellent job at making employees, feel valued and provides excellent training at propagation its methods can be a little

The Two of a Great Artworks of Georgia O'Keeffe Essay

The Two of a Great Artworks of Georgia OKeeffe - Essay ExampleThe year of art used is Painting. Not being the depicting paintings, these two pieces represent Creative Painting form of art, wherein OKeeffes has used her imagination. The Sky Above The Clouds puts on piece of paper her imagination to bring out how the sky looks from a height above 30,000 feet from the aeroplane. The painting uses very hardly a(prenominal) colours giving it a sombre look and is one of the most appreciated art pieces of OKeeffe. The colour Line puts on canvass a feeling of serenity. It is an abstract painting leaving it for the viewers to pick up what it tries to speak. Most of the reviews written on it link it with the beauty of women and the tenderness of women. both are essentially matt artworks. It is to be noted here that graphic designs, drawings, paintings belong to the two-dimensional art forms whereas the three-dimensional art form has length, breadth, and height which include sculptures, statues etc. Both the artworks of OKeffee under discussion belong to the Abstract form of art. This is so because the art itself on its look does not depict anything in the natural world in particular. Instead, it is make use of colours in a non-representational way. It depicts real forms, keeping just an allusion of the original subject that it wants the viewers heed to hit. These paintings carry an intrinsic quality of od abstraction making them non-figurative non-objective as well as non-representational. Both the art pieces belong to Fine Arts indicating a form of visual art and are pertain with beauty that appeals to the viewers mind.

Obscenity and pornography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Obscenity and lampblack - Essay ExampleFor her, the salute can degrade the victims rape allegation by finding discrepancies in the victims story and assuming ulterior motives for reporting the assault for this the court can take into account such resources as the official reports and records, typifications of rape-relevant behavior, and knowledge of the victims personalized life and criminal connections (Frohmann, 1991, p. 213). Thus, the prosecutor-victim complaint filling interview acts as a n integral better of the sexual case processing. Similarly, another major method employed by the legal system to discredit sexual assault cases is by analyzing the accusers mental health records and by offering the defendant an opportunity to turn up his innocence. Cases are precludeed once the court gets convinced that the victim does not have a high-priced previous mental health record. This rape shield legislation plays a dominant role in sexual assault cases. Another widespread and common method employed by the legal systems to reject sexual assault cases is by identifying congruencies in the charges filed by police at arrest with the charge filed by the prosecutor. When there are such evident congruencies, the court can either reject sexual assault cases or discredit victims allegations of sexual assault. Therefore, one should bear in mind that mere allegations can well be rejected by the courts in the case of sexual assaults.Frohmann, Lisa. Discrediting Victims Allegations of Sexual Assault Prosecutorial Accounts of Case Rejections. favorable Problems, Vol.38, No.2, May 1991. Retrieved 24 September 2010 from

The Physiological Effects of a Concussion on the Brain Research Paper

The Physiological Effects of a Concussion on the Brain - Research Paper ExampleOn the basis of severity traumatic genius distress can be divided into mild, moderate and severe. Concussion or mild traumatic brain injuries atomic number 18 used to describe any injury in which the symptoms may or may not last. Neurologically a concussion is defined as an injury in which there is loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes and post traumatic amnesia which lasts less than 24 hours. Concussions usually have good vaticination value as usually patient leads to full recovery. A concussion can cause pathophysiological changes to the brain in which there are metabolic and ionic processes due to the twisting of axons (Silver et al 3-6).A concussion occurs due to mild trauma to the brain. The cascades of physiological events that occur are an injury which is followed by precipitous neuronal depolarization. The depolarization excites the neurotransmitters and causes their releases which i n turn lead to ionic misbalance and disruption in glucose metabolism. Coupling of neurotransmitters that are excitatory like the coupling of glutamate and the receptor of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor results in additional depolarizing of the neuron with the ejection of one thousand ions and inflow of calcium ions. This alteration in the balance of ions results in fluctuations in the physiology of the brain cells which may be acute or subacute. To counter the potassium-calcium misbalance, the pump of sodium and potassium starts to works with an increase need in ATPs. This causes an increase in the glucose metabolism and ends in an energy crisis. Axonal twisting and stretching has turn up to be the core pathology in the occurrence of a concussion. The metabolic events that occur post traumatically are uncoupling of intellectual blood flow and glucose metabolism which results in energy emergency. Injection of calcium ions leads to impaired oxidative metabolism. other physiol ogical change affecting the motor functions of the brain is decreased

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Psychology - Essay ExampleSelyes studies showed that the clay responds in the same way to any stress, be it positive events (new job) or negative circumstances (failure, embarrassment, anesthetize at school, a stormy romance).ALARM STAGE Alarm head suggests that the body is in the generalize arousal state, wherein the body mobilizes its resources to cope with stressors. The pituitary gland signals the adrenal glands to produce and release stress hormones adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol. As these stress hormones are dumped into the bloodstream, some bodily processes are rushed others are slowed, allowing bodily resources to be utilize where they are needed.We should all be thankful that our bodies automatically respond to emergencies. However, brilliant as this emergency governing body is, it can also cause problems. In the first phase of the alarm reply, people have much(prenominal) symptoms as headache, fever, fatigue, sore muscles, shortness of breath, diarrhea, ups et stomach, loss of appetite, and lack of energy. Notice that these are also the symptoms of nerve-wracking travel, of high-altitude sickness, of anxiety, of pressure in the courtroom interrogation, or final exams week, and possibly of falling in love oppositeness STAGE During the resistance stage, the body continues to resist the stressors. As the bodys defenses come into balance, symptoms of the alarm reaction disappear. Outwardly, everything seems normal. However, this appearance of normality comes at a high cost. The body is better able to cope with the pilot stressor, example, animals placed in extreme cold become more resistant to the cold, but more temptable to infection. It is during the stage of resistance that the first signs of psychosomatic disorders begin to appear.EXHAUSTION STAGE Continued stress leads to the stage of exhaustion in which the bodys resources are drained and stress hormones are depleted. The body is unprotected to disease and even death in this stag e. Unless you found a way of

The Coach Essay Example for Free

The Coach EssayAs a group coaches argon often criticized for their overemphasis on winning and their overly serious attitude toward the unify experience. Most studies, however, point out that in general Little League coaches set up involved for the have it away of the game and for the love of their participating child. Coaches that angrily shout criticism from the sidelines atomic number 18 non appreciated or liked as are relaxed, supportive, and knowledgeable coaches who emphasize the improvement and learning of new skills.Coaches that go bad closely and personal relationships with the child and her/his parents are the most likely to contri scarcee to a positive learning experience. Coaches are first and foremost role models and teachers. erect coaching is not about producing winning teams its about petition e actually day before practice or a game Is what were planning to do instantly in the best interest of the kids? The best lesson a coach can teach is that infl uenceing clean makes everyone a winner, and that exploitation Coaching PhilosophyA casual ob answerr of any little compact game site will notice the excessive seriousness and tension exhibited by coaches on the sidelines. Coaches and spectating parents get very involved with their childrens game. Some fail to realize the deleterious effects of their vocal pro examines regarding game lector decisions or disapproval of their childs performance. Several soccer leagues that I am familiar with have on platter a very appropriate league school of thought statement. These statements emphasize learning, ordinary play, fun, equal opportunity, etc over winning.Ironically, the akin leagues use trained referees and linesmen, for example, to awayiciate a game between two teams comprised of nine-year-old players. Players are often charge to positions in which they are most productive or least destructive. And, coaches, parents and players exhibit excessive celebration when a goal is scor ed (even when the goal resulted from a clumsy goalie error) or when a game is won. Overly prescribed game control, early supernumeraryization, and excessive celebrations distinguishm incompatible with a child-centered league ism.Should the league experience serve best only the most talented and promising individuals at the expense of the less skilled? A typical league reality of winning first, child second, seems to prevail over the same leagues beautifully crafted philosophy statement. The stress associated with coaching a losing team stems from the distorted view that winning equals good coaching and loosing equals ridiculous coaching. The child that is allowed to play a variety of positions will learn and progress irrespectively of her or his teams winning or loosing record.In the soccer league that I joined as assistant coach during the Fall of 1999, the direct coach knew which the two best teams on the league were several weeks before kickoff. Who gets the credit for coac hing these kids? quaternity of the kids on our nine-year-old boys team never played the game. How are they going to learn and improve if we are not going to allow them to make mistakes? Sticking to a child-centered game plan can get very tricky and involve tough decisions.A Coaching Philosophy Some coaches get turned off by the word philosophy. They cannot see how any one philosophy can have an impact on their daily problems and work. Ones teaching or coaching philosophy, however, is actually a very practical matter. An analogy to ones philosophy may be equated to a pair of glasses that filter reality through ones personal experiences, opinions, set and beliefs. It has, therefore a direct influence on how we see and understand the world around us, what actions we take, and wherefore we choose to behave in the ways we do. In fact, every coach, whether aware of it or not, is following square(a) principles or his philosophy while coaching.It may seem reasonable to assume that the philosophy that directs the coachs everyday smell gestateing and actions would be also applied by her/him to coaching. Yet, this often seems not to be the case. For example, most coaches would view as that a less skilled child with little or no ego-confidence needs special attention and time investment. Yet, who are the kids that usually get the most attention, the most playing time, the most extolment? Still, lets assume, for example, that a lineman discovered that the firm he is negotiating with was dis open.He decides to do his business with another group despite the fact that he may end up paying much for essentially the same product. This may not sound like good business, yet many a businessman I talked to expressed willingness to cleave to their principles even if it meant higher expenses. How many coaches do you know that would stick to principles of sportsmanship or fair play rather than win a game? Obviously, we can readily see a gap between what a coach may think is the right thing to do in every day life situations, and the actions he/she ends up taking on the playing field.Developing an Alternative Coaching Philosophy Dr. Rainer Martens, a world ren haveed sport psychologist and publisher, explains that the checkment of a structural coaching philosophy involves two major tasks become a student of your proclaim feelings and who you are? grade and delineate your coaching objectives Developing Self-Awareness Children are great imitators. Therefore, you are more likely to shape them into your own image than into what you would actually like them to become. The coach is a very powerful role model.This is why it is outstanding that the coach be honest as he/she evaluates her/himself and get in touch with here/his own feelings. The coach needs to discover whether he really likes who he/she is. A quick subjective self-awareness test would be to ask oneself When I was a child, would I have liked to have my current self as a parent? As a coa ch? If the answer is yes, explain to yourself why you think the way you do. What is it that makes you a good parent, teacher, coach? If you realize that you do not like everything about yourself, dont panic, nobodys perfect. The secernate factor is not for every coach to be a perfect individual.It is crucial, however, that the coach be honest with her/himself, and willing to take the appropriate steps to change for the better. Dr. Martens suggests that one such first step would be to form an open door policy and solicit feed back from the kids, assistant coaches and the parents. This, according to Dr. Martens kernel that the coach needs to learn to listento be attentive to both overt and covert communication patterns. Good listening skills ensure two way communications and thus decrease the filtering effect that often distorts the true message delivered by the other party.Prioritization and Delineation of Coaching Objectives It is an indisputable fact that children are their paren ts and nations most uncommon asset. It may seem natural to assume, therefore, that the majority of adults mean well for the kids. Yet, how often do we wish something for our child, and accordingly step back and take the time to find out whether this is what the child really wants? More often than not, adults feel they know better, and thus, exclude children from the decision making accomplish. young sport, unfortunately, is a prime example of this phenomenon.In 1987 the Athletic Footwear Association in America sponsored a study of 10,000 students ages 10-18 regarding their feelings about sport. The students reacted to questions such as why they participate, why they quit, and what changes they would make in order to get involved again in a sport they dropped. The most fundamental finding of the study was that winning, which is the most publicized and pursued goal of sports never ranked higher than seventh even among the most competitive athletes. To have fun and to improve my sk ills were systematically the first two choices why the students chose to play sports.When asked why they dropped from sports three of the first five reasons were I was not having fun, coach was a poor teacher, and too much pressure. How many coaches you know would have predicted this outcome? (Rainer, 1987, 3-14) Dr. Martha E. Ewing and Dr. Vern Seefeld of the spring chicken Sports Institute of Michigan State University who conducted the study, and Dr. Steven J. Danish, chairman of the Department of Psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University who added psychological and developmental interpretations proposed the following truths about children and sportFun is pivotal if its not fun, young people wont play a sport (Rainer, 1987, 3-14). Skill development is a crucial aspect of fun it is more important than winning even among the best athletes. The most rewarding challenges of sports are those that lead to self-knowledge. Intrinsic rewards (self-knowledge that grows out of self-c ompetition) are more important in creating lifetime athletes than are extrinsic rewards (victory or attention from others). The American Youth and Sports Participation study authors proposed the following tips for coaches and parents who are willing to develop an alternative coaching philosophyFor Coaches take a communicator (a listener and a giver of feedback). Recognize the needs of your kids and balance your needs with theirs. Develop sight remember what you were like at their age and what you could do then dont judge the kids by what you can do now. Remember the truths and plan activities with them in mind. Seek out workshops and educational programs that teach not only sports-related skills but also communication and interpersonal skills that will help you work with parents and get the most out of your kids. soften to work with parents and make them part of the team rather than viewing them as critics to be avoided. Coach study Education, as pedagogical theory so perceptivel y points out, is a two-way process, which means that both sides of the process have an opportunity to influence each other. Therefore, the coach can expect to be shaped by his team members characters and styles in a way that is no less decisive than his or her influence upon them. Realizing it may prove a challenge to many authoritative coaches, yet this impact is undeniable and should not be underestimated.However, in case of a younger team, the coachs influence is going to exceed that of the children as they, as mentioned before, are great imitators and need a role model to follow. For this reason among others, the coach has to develop certain moral and professional qualities that will form the basis for practical application of ones coaching philosophy. The tenets of coaching philosophy determine which exactly qualities one needs in order to develop ones team and bring them to a victory earned in the spirit of fair play sportsmanship. In the first place, a coach has to be a super b organizer.This is the coachs primary function in the team to unite a disparate set of players into a legitimate whole. Unity in the contest has to stem from psychological unity of the team, the much talked about team spirit. A coach in ones philosophy has to define how important a place the team occupies in his/her activities and endeavors and what ways of achieving this unity are legitimate and effective. In team sports specifically, the value of team relationships cannot be overrated, since a victory is only a product of collective efforts and rarely a gift of luck.

Obesity and Calories Essay Example for Free

corpulency and Calories EssayBut you also know that most diets and quick cant-loss plans have about as practically substance as a politicians campaign pledges. Youre better off conclusion several simple things you can do on a daily basis along with undermentioned the cardinal rules of alimentation more vegetables and little fat and getting more physical activity. Together, they should send the case numbers in the right direction down. 1. Once a week, indulge in a high-calorie-tasting, tho low-calorie, treat.This should help keep you from feeling deprived and binging on higher-calorie foods. For instance Lobster. Just 83 calories in 3 ounces. Shrimp. Just 60 calories in 12 large. Smoked salmon. Just 66 calories in two ounces. squish with capers for an so far more elegant treat. Whipped cream. Just 8 calories in one tablespoon. Drop a dollop everyplace a bowl of fresh fruit for dessert. 2. Treat high-calorie foods as jewels in the crown. Make a spoon of ice cream the jewel and a bowl of fruit the crown.Cut down on the chips by pairing each bite with lots of chunky, filling fresh salsa, suggests Jeff Novick, director of nutrition at the Pritikin higher status Center Spa in Florida. Balance a little cheese with a lot of salad. 3. after(prenominal) breakfast, make water your primary drink. At breakfast, go ahead and drink orange juice. But passim the rest of the day, focus on water instead of juice or soda. The average American consumes an unneeded 245 calories a day from soft drinks. Thats nearly 90,000 calories a year or 25 pounds And seek shows that despite the calories, sugary drinks dont trigger a sense of fullness the way that food does. . Carry a palm-size notebook everywhere you go for one week. Write down every adept morsel that enters your lips notwithstanding water. Studies have instal that people who maintain food diaries wind up eating about 15 percent less food than those who dont. Plus 8 Kitchen Cabinet Makeovers for burden Loss 5. Buy a pedometer, clip it to your belt, and aim for an extra 1,000 steps a day. On average, inactive people take only 2,000 to 3,000 steps a day. Adding 2,000 steps will help you maintain your watercourse weight and stop gaining weight adding more than that will help you lose weight. 6.Add 10 percent to the amount of daily calories you think youre eating, then adjust your eating habits accordingly. If you think youre eat 1,700 calories a day and dont understand why youre not losing weight, add another(prenominal) 170 calories to your guesstimate. Chances are, the unused number is more accurate. 7. Eat five or six small meals or snacks a day instead of three large meals. A 1999 South African study found that when men ate parts of their morning meal at intervals over five hours, they consumed almost 30 percent fewer calories at lunch than when they ate a single breakfast.Other studies show that even if you eat the same number of calories distributed this way, your b ody releases less insulin, which keeps blood sugar steady and helps control hunger. 8. paseo for 45 legal proceeding a day. The reason were suggesting 45 minutes instead of the typical 30 is that a Duke University study found that while 30 minutes of daily walking is enough to impede weight gain in most relatively sedentary people, exercise beyond 30 minutes results in weight and fat loss.Burning an additional 300 calories a day with three miles of crisp walking (45 minutes should do it) could help you lose 30 pounds in a year without even changing how much youre eating. 9. Find an online weight-loss buddy. A University of Vermont study found that online weight-loss buddies help you keep the weight off. The researchers followed volunteers for 18 months. Those assigned to an Internet-based weight maintenance program sustained their weight loss better than those who met opposite in a support group. Plus 15 Foods You Should Never Buy Again 0. Bring the illusion unforgiving into y our life more often. Theres a good reason you wont see many fast-food restaurants decorated in blue Believe it or not, the color blue functions as an appetite suppressant. So serve up dinner on blue plates, dress in blue while you eat, and cover your table with a blue tablecloth. Conversely, avoid red, yellow, and orange in your dining areas. Studies rally they encourage eating. 11. Clean your closet of the fat clothes. Once youve reached your target weight, throw out or consider away every piece of clothing that doesnt fit.The idea of having to buy a whole new wardrobe if you gain the weight back will serve as a strong motivator to maintain your new figure. 12. Downsize your dinner plates. Studies find that the less food put in front of you, the less food youll eat. Conversely, the more food in front of you, the more youll eat regardless of how hungry you are. So instead of using regular dinner plates that range these days from 10-14 inches (making them look forlornly empty if theyre not heaped with food), serve your main course on salad plates (about 7-9 inches wide).

Bio-Diesel Fuel Essay Example for Free

Bio-Diesel Fuel EssayBio diesel engine is an environmentally-friendly and low polluting give the sack derived from waste or fresh vegetable oils (triglycerides) or animal oils (which is a renewable source of energy). It freighter be utilised alone or along with petroleum diesel fuel. However, by itself it does not reserve any petroleum products. Biodiesel groundwork be use in internal combustion, conventionally using diesel without many alterations in the engine design. The fuel is free from sulphur and harmful aromatic substances, and hence is comparable to(predicate) less toxic.It is 75% cleaner than conventional diesel in terms of pollutants produced during burning. It contains mono-akyl esters of long-chain fatty acids that atomic number 18 usually obtained from animal fats or vegetable oils. It has to meet the criteria laid down by the American Society for exam and Material (ASTM). One of the common formulas containing biodiesel is B20, which contains 20 percent bi odiesel and the remaining 80 percent petroleum products. This garland has proven to be environmentally friendly and has also significantly reduced the costs of fuel in terms of petroleum imports.It meets the criteria of the Energy Policy Act (EPA), 1992. B20 may cause a slight drop-off in power, torque and fuel economy, but this does not cause an apparent problem. In the US, biodiesel utilized as a fuel or a fuel additive, has been recognized by the Environmental Protection part (EPA) and the standards set by the California blood line Resources Agency (CARB). level 100% biodiesel (B100) has been recognized an alternative and environmentally friendly fuel by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Department of Transportation in the US.Before the node blends biodiesel with regular diesel, it should be ensured that the specifications laid down by the ASTM are met. These specifications make sure that the customer go out not develop operational problems. The operations aspects and air quality will improve only if the specifications of the ASTM are being met (suggesting quality fuel). Biodiesel or its products should only be purchased from accredited manufacturers and certified suppliers. A biodiesel quality check program known as BQ-9000 has been initiated by the ASTM, which has laid down certain quality standards under ASTM-D-6751.The motley procedures under the quality program include storage, sampling, testing, retailing, transportation, marketing, etc. It also ensures that improvements are made in the BQ-9000 system. In the US, legislation has been set up to improve the quality of air known as the Clean Air Act. So far, biodiesel has been the only alternative fuel that has met the health specifications laid down under this act. Biodiesel reduces the heart and soul of un-burnt hydro railcarbons, carbon monoxide and emitted particles, when compared to burning petroleum diesel alone.Biodiesel helps to reduce acid rain and the oppo put ill- frames of veh icular taint by reducing the amount of sulphur oxide emission and sulphates. The un-burnt hydrocarbons can have a disastrous effect on the ozone layer. The US imports approximately 11 million barrels of crude petroleum every day. A quarter of this is converted into diesel which is utilized for vehicular, industrial and domestic purposes. If a small quantity of biodiesel is intermix with petroleum diesel, the nation can significantly reduce its imports of petroleum.In 2004, the US used about 36 millions gallons in 2004 of biodiesel, which is expected to increase in future. Biodiesel is prepared by chemically vegetable and animal oils (such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, separate cooking oils, etc) with short-chain alcohol (such as ethanol and methanol), along with a catalyst. Biodiesel is produced along with glycerin. Other than a reduction in pollution levels, biodiesel also offers a huge range of other(a) advantages. The fuel has a better lubricating space compar ed to normal pertroleum diesel and hence decreases engine wear and tear.Even a 1% biodiesel level in regular diesel can help lubricate the engine. This property of biodiesel helps to compensate for the low sulphur levels to be utilized in fuels by the year 2006. Low-sulphur fuels tend to be harsh on the engine, and biodiesel can help compensate for this. Biodiesel significantly lowers the pollutant emission levels. The extents to which the pollutants emitted are reduced calculate on the blend levels. B100 reduces carbon dioxide emission by about 78% compared to normal petroleum. On the other hand, B5 lowers CO2 emission by about 3. 8%.Besides, the levels of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, aromatic substances, particulate matter and other toxic substances are reduced to levels depending on the blend. However, Nitrogen oxides are increased very slightly with biodiesel. B20 produces a 2 to 4 % increase in the levels of nitrogen oxides, whereas B5 produce an increase in nitrogen oxides which cannot be felt. However, very recent studies have shown that biodiesel use do not cause any problem with nitrogen oxide emission when used. Biodiesel of higher blends tend to destroy elastomers and galosh compounds everyplace a long period.Hence, manufacturers are move to reduce utilization of these substances in the vehicles. However, B20 and lower blends have no significant effect on elastomers and rubber substances present in the vehicles. Fuel systems that should be compatible with higher range blends indispensableness to change over to more(prenominal) compatible rubbers and elastomers. Biodiesel tends to dissolve paints as it is a good solvent. Hence, it is advised that surfaces be wiped whenever biodiesel is suspected to regorge over. Biodiesel is a very combustible substance and tends to degrade over time. It produces heat as it degrades.Hence, necessary precautions need to be taken whenever it is stored. Biodiesel when purchased should be utilized inwardly 3 m onths. The fuel should be stored in a clean, cool, dark and dry place, away from sunlight. Usually aluminum, steel, Teflon, fluorinated polyethylene or fluorinated polypropylene can be utilized to store biodiesel. Biodiesel has a good auto-ignition capability (similar to that of octane). Fuels having lower auto-ignition property tend to be very gawky on the engine produce higher amounts of engine deposits and are very difficult to start in particular during winter or at places at higher altitudes.Biodiesel burns at a lower temperature and this can be less traumatic to the engine. Biodiesel can significantly cope with this problem, raising the cold weather properties. It is a great deal utilized in states having cold climates without any significant problem. Petroleum diesel is known to produce a deposit at the bottom of fuel tanks, lines and delivery units, which slowly increase over time. Even utilizing biodiesel occasionally can help to dissolve these deposits. Thus the need t o purchase new filters, servicing of the vehicles and the reduction in the engine life can be reduced by utilizing biodiesel and its blends.Biodiesel of the types B20 and below can be utilized in all types of engines including those having advanced fuel injections systems. Biodiesel is available in all the states in the US. More and more retailers are nice aware of the advantages of biodiesel and are stocking the product. When production of biodiesel was initiated, it was slightly costlier than regular diesel. However, in October, 2004, the US professorship made an effort to lower the tax on biodiesel blends, thus lowering the cost of the product in the market. The EPA legislation also provides a lot of incentives for biodiesel users.The demand for biodiesel is slowly increasing, as people and manufactures are becoming aware of its beneficial effects. Besides, the Governments tax strategy and the legislations existing have enabled rapid growth of the biodiesel industry. Many car a nd truck manufacturers are suggesting the Use of B5 and B20 in its vehicles. In the light-vehicle sector, the sales will go up from 3. 2 % in 2004, to 10 % in 2015. The biodiesel industry is almost grown by three times within a year. In 2004, 25 millions gallons of biodiesel was produced, which rose to 75 million gallons by 2005.It is expected to grow raise in 2006. Biodiesel is being known by several trade names and logos which would definitely make customers. References Biodiesel. Org (2007). Biodiesel Commonly Asked Questions. Retrieved January, 21, 2007, from Biodiesel. Org blade site http//www. biodiesel. org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/CommonlyAsked. PDF Biodiesel. Org (2007). Biodiesel Usage Checklist. Retrieved January, 21, 2007, from Biodiesel. Org Web site http//www. biodiesel. org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/bdusage. PDF BQ9000 (2007). BQ-9000 Quality Management Program.Retrieved January, 21, 2007, from BQ9000 Web site http//www. bq-9000. org/ Journey to Forever (1999). Biod iesel. Retrieved January, 21, 2007, from Journey to Forever Web site http//journeytoforever. org/biodiesel. html National Biodiesel Board (2007). Biodiesel Backgrounder. Retrieved January, 21, 2007, from Biodiesel. Org Web site http//www. biodiesel. org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/backgrounder. PDF US Department of Energy (2005). Clean Cities. Retrieved January, 21, 2007, from USDOE Web site http//www. eere. energy. gov/cleancities/blends/pdfs/37136. pdf

Critical Analysis Essay Essay Example for Free

Critical Analysis try on EssayThe media end-to-end the human being has been in the frontline in educating members of the public on important social issues ranging from politics, drugs, terrorism, and frequent music to sports. The best of all is the ro use against sand up. assist is one of the affections which is threatening the existence of humanity and thereof more initiatives ar being developed to fight it. In addition to videos, movies, plays and advertisements in sports and entertainment channels, songs collapse been composed by some artistes to try and spread the message to among other people, the youth who are of full(prenominal) risk of contracting the disease. These songs are played in the AM and FM radio send by dint ofout the world (Emad, 2006). This paper bequeath discuss the representation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in songs which are played in our radio post. It will also analyze its representations by advertisement on various entertainm ent and betting channels much(prenominal) as MTV and VH1. It will finally analyze the importance the songs and advertisement channels exhaust on the eradicating the disease. Songs about AIDS Social marketers micturate been trying to have more people disturb asserted on the basic of HIV/AIDS.See more how to write a critical compend outlineSome of the countries have encouraged the use of such channels as MTV to spread the fight against the disease and where they have been successful, the prevalence rates have been low. In the recent past, more musicians have been dieing of AIDS and that is why some of their colleagues are trying to come up with songs to not sole(prenominal) make their separateners informed but also educate the public on the crisis. In the U. S, an organization- The Estate Project- which was launched some years back as an Aids awareness initiative is now getting popularly with it programs.The main mission of this organization, nevertheless like other radio s tations is to compile the musical works of artistes who have died of the disease and inform the public. It also aims to preserve the cultural legacy of the crisis (Emad, 2006). In the U. S for example, many artistes have composed songs to publicise programs intended to fight the scourge. Examples of these songs are HIV blues by Kerry Stevens from the album out in the countrified and positive by Spears Jay from the album family values.These and other songs contain messages on how to keep safe from the disease or remain health if you are infected. These songs especially those by well known artistes in the U. S and Europe privy be very attractive to the youth. Likewise, the Federal government has also developed policies which pick up that all organizations including the media houses and musicians help it fight the pandemic. Some songs have specifically been composed to pass messages on the use of condoms. The condoms are considered one of the strategies that help in preventing peop le from having unsafe sex.The songs when played in the radio stationed will help pass selective nurture to the young people who may not have access to the information elsewhere. Sauti ya America is one of the radio stations broadcasting from the U. S to many of the African countries and it uses its superiority and fictional character of transmission to educate the Africans on the seriousness of the crisis and it also tries to provide suggestions on how the youth can sting health. Many of the young people in the world today and especially those in third world countries dont have the accurate and correct information about AIDS.In rural areas where the information on the diseases is limited, more youth are engaging in unprotected sex. Research has suggested that the youth can easily receive information on the disease through advertisements Advertisements Entertainment channels such as MTV has noticed that there is information deficiency in the orderliness. Through its music shows featuring the best artistes not only in America but also in Europe, the entertainment channels aim at difference important social issues to its fans. The programs are then broadcasted to countries in Africa and Europe.These programs are needed to develop the penchant for protagonism in the music industry with an objective of political and social motivation. The entertainment channels help the organizations trash against AIDS to build some sort of cohesion between the facts about the disease and the myths that people recollect concerning AIDS (Johnson, 2005). The whole process of representation in songs started in the late 1980s when AIDS in the U. S became a pandemic and the federal government decided to bring the issue of HIV/AIDS to a situation where people must decide and publicly accept the reality about the disease.The songs and the advertisements stations had a role to play and the role at that direct in time did not have sufficient knowledge to combat the spread of the d isease. VHI for example allocates more of its resources such as time and coin to educative materials and talk shows. It uses its extensive radio frequencies to reach and educate most of its fans on the facts about AIDS. VH1 has through its programs such as the legend and celeb shows, promoted the kick out campaign. The campaign had been founded by the Rogers family to help U.S citizens spay their lifestyles and accept the fact that people should abandon form sex still they are married. This program and others including its planetary channels in more than twenty countries are able to reach a wider population because are in a position to convince and attract listeners. The amount of space and airtime which is being devote to the fight against HIV/AIDS has increased in the recent past mainly because of the global concerns which are being addressed by our world leaders including the U. S president who has devoted most of the federal funds to fighting the scourge in third world coun tries.Today, more often than not, you can secure that the radio stations are covering the issue with a certain perspective not dependable for the matter of reporting. More and more radio stations are analyzing the issue for a positive point of view compared to the past when they only reported statistics (Johnson, 2005). FM and AM stations are now looking at at issues such as preventing child-mother transmission, treatment, testing, orphans and vulnerable members of the society etc.These are the real issues that affect the society not just mentioning which of the artists is riding high in music, what did politicians say about the spread of AIDS in Texas, who pronounced what and such sort of things. Conclusion Entertainment channels such as MTV and VH1have the main players in the fight against the spread of HIV/AIDS. The main aim of using such entertainment and music stations is to reach a majority of the youth who are mostly attracted to the music and programs in these stations.So ngs on its part has a role to play especially if they contain the messages which encourage people to protect themselves from the disease. The management of such institutions should therefore promote the culture of teaching members of the public on the dangers of contracting HIV/AIDS through their daily programs. References Emad, R. (2006) Role of journalists Journalists Speak at 18th Annual National, Managed Health Care Congress, UK Johnson, A. (2005) Fighting AIDS through the Media. New York Press, New York

Frankenstein and Paradise Lost Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and enlightenment muddled EssayShelleys story of a creature created by Victor Frankenstein has striking similarities to Miltons Paradise Lost from the revealset, as the second letter in the novel that documents Frankensteins misfortune, is sent from Archangel. Satan was an archangel before he was banished from heaven for challenging God, and we know that he was supposedly perfect. Frankenstein sought to make a human world in perfection, although both the creature and Satan fell from grace at the hand of their creators. The opening filiation of Paradise Lost underpins the correlation between the tales Paradise Lost opens with the lines, Of Mans first disobedience, and the fruit, Of that interdict tree, this is referring to Adam who took forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge and was therefore exiled by God. This story of Eden and mans downfall has obviously influenced Shelley as Frankensteins pursuit of nature to her hiding places is what led to the death of himself and his family.Miltons Satan challenges God Adam and Eve ar tempted by Satan to eat the forbidden fruit and this echoes in Shelleys novel and Miltons poem, as he tells us that heaven hides nothing from thy view. Yet both Satan and Frankenstein want more than nature has to offer, and the irony in the events leading up to the monsters creation are highlighted, by Shelleys use of dark and gothic descriptions of foraging in vaults and charnel-houses, and how the worm inherited the wonders of the eye and brain.. This dark depiction echoes the fate of Frankenstein, the monster and Miltons Satan, as they all choke an experience of Hell Frankensteins personal hell was of of intense tortures such as no language bunghole describe, and his endurance of a deep, dark, death like solitude, ironically echoes his creations feelings of loneliness and despair. The monster however, considered Satan as the better emblem of his condition and continued sufferings, simply his hell was also a personal one, to be lived out on earth, and unfortunately alone.Satan, at least, had his host of rebel angels and had experience of a father and being love, his demise was through choice, as was Frankensteins. It is Satan and the monster who initially invoke the readers compassion, as the monster seems of a benignant nature as he watched the beloved De Lacy family and took pleasure in aiding their labours. He also shows altruistic behaviour in saving a drowning girl, and lighting a fire to warm his creator, making him by chance more sympathetic than Frankenstein, who forgot his family in his aspirations to become greater than his nature will allow. The monster states, after learning Paradise Lost and other literature he has found after eating the metaphorical apple, that herb of grace only increased with knowledge, as he became aware from the De Laceys, of such things as love and acceptation that he came to long for. His good intent could also be interpreted on his hearing Sa phie play unison that he found so entrancingly beautiful that they at once drew tears of sorrow and of enjoyment from my eyes. Satans ruin also came from his pursuit of knowledge, leading both men to their exile from the people they sought acceptance from.According to Stephen Boyd*, Shelleys husband believed that men are not inherently corrupt, and that they are perfectible, adding to the influence of Frankenstein being to clean for the monsters feelings of vengeance to all mankind, and Frankensteins own corruption when trying to discover the elixir of life. Shelley portrays the monster in baby bird-like ways throughout the novel, as he learns empirically it was a long time before I was up to(p) to distinguish between the operations of my various senses, and he burns himself with fire as a child with no awareness would.This allows the reader to feel some empathy towards this wretched creature, as we imagine an abandoned child, exactly also reinforces her exploration of huma n nature as potentially good. Frankenstein and the creature both state they were organize for peaceful happiness, like Miltons Adam, making them perfect antiheroes. It could be argued that the monsters rejection is what do him commit such heinous crimes over against Frankensteins loved ones, as the rejection he continually faced made him wretched. We could see Shelley taking the stance that man made a monster, and man also made him monstrous.As the monster lives in a hut, we are reminded that he doesnt only live outside physically, but emotionally as he is a mere peeper of family life while watching the De Lacys, and this social exclusion is to blame for his murderous behaviour, again relating to Satan who was excluded my his creator. We could again relate this to Satan who is looking for earth and is also racked with deep despair, as are Shelleys characters.Frankenstein also resembles God, as he created his own version of Adam, and the monster that he constantly refers to as fi end and devil reminds him You, my creator, abominate me.. his plea resounds through the humanity of every reader who has ever felt alone or incomplete, but these feelings however are to be changed as the monster commits heinous crimes against the humanity he once longed for, and on his final rejection he cries oh, earth the mildness of my nature had fled, and all within me was turned to bitterness and gall. This is when the graphic symbol of God is transferred from Frankenstein and to the monster who will now decide his fate.

Local, State, and Federal Laws and Policie Essay Example for Free

Local, State, and Federal Laws and Policie tasteOne of the most important aspects of teaching is providing a safe environment where student learning preempt be achieved. The only way this can be achieved is by staying up-to- take care on all laws and polices in place to tending schools and teachers provide a safe environment. There are many documents provided for teachers and students to help them corroborate familiar with all the local, state, and federal laws and polices. This essay will focus on a Student/ kick upstairs Guide, Faculty Handbook, and a Comprehensive School Safety Plan. The first artifact is a Student/Parent Guide. This book is considered both a rule book and an information booklet to help in all aspects of student life. It contains a multitude of information regarding the rules governing students, student activities, school curriculum, and frequent information about the school and its procedures. The first pages describe in detail two Acts relations with a students enrollment, attendance at school, and the right to retain a drivers license. It also describes the state law relating to the Quiet check Time that public schools are required to uphold. The next section deals with general school information. This section has policies ranging from absences and truancy to first aid and emergency procedures. The next subroutine in the book is the rules governing students section. This section includes the policies dealing with fighting, dress code, drugs, cheating, and many other rules and their consequences.The third section is titled Instructional Program and deals with the schools curriculum. This section begins by stating the schools accreditation and also states that it meets and exceeds Section 504 in its specialeducation program. It also stats the policies on parent conferences, graduation requirements, and pass school. The last section is the schools policies on student actives and assemblies such as pep rallies. Overall, this boo klet contains a huge amount of information containing all levels of polices and procedures aimed for student and parent usage.The next artifact is a Faculty Handbook. This enchiridion is designed as reference book for teachers. It is the centralized book containing all school policies. It beginnings by describing the dexterity absentee policy and how to prepare for a substitute teacher. The book details many types of leave such as professional, sick, and personal, and what to do for each situation. The next section of the handbook covers many policies on posting attendance, lesson syllabuss, and grade posting. classroom procedures, which include discipline, structure, and monetary collections is discussed in the next section. The last section in the handbook explains the policies on arena trips, purchase orders, report cards, summer school, and the schools philosophy of education. With all the policy and procedural information contained in this handbook, a teacher can be better alert for any situation.The last artifact for discussion is a schools Comprehensive School Safety Plan. The school system devised this 100 page plan to ensure the highest grad of safety and security in the school environment. In the first section, a detailed explanation is given on emergency contacts, school crisis teams, and a list of emergency supplies in school. The second part deals with teacher training for emergencies. It describes how communications should be handled, securing the grounds, student supervision. The last section in the safety plan details a multitude of security risks and their procedures. Some examples include bomb threats, hostage situations, sexual assault, fights, and fearful weather. The first is to always be prepared for whatever situation may arise, and with this document, teachers are better prepared to deal with almost all safety situations.In conclusion, with all these documents, students, teachers, and parents can be up to date on all policies th at affect them in and around the schoolenvironment.

Venice region Essay Example for Free

Venice region EssayAn American archaeologist who studies the history of Venice suggested a multi-billion dollar floodgate to be built to save the city from rising water knowing that science often rest on chance discovery. A 10 feet deep and more than 30 feet wide pit has been dug next to an ancient Basilica. It was below sea level and to harbour it from filling with water, a pump was put in it. In that dug, a stone walk date around second century lay. It is one of the oldest sign of human habitation in the Vatican archipelago. The lost initiation artifacts would let Dr. Ammerman and his colleagues to estimate the ancient of the city. It is also important in determining the rate of past and futurity subsidence of the city. With their findings, it is planned to propose a floodgate that willing keep the city from disappearing into the sea. The structures will cost from $2 billion to $4 billion composing of 79 mobile floodgates. Everyday, the tide goes up to 3 feet. The tide on 1966 caused wide damage and economic losses. Tidal surges that are driven by heavy rains, winter weather patterns and southerly winds that blow Adriatic water northward caused the said destruction.Corrosive sea salt weakens the red bricks of the ground floor of the many old buildings. Some doors are rotten because of past flooding. Raised walkways are set in winter floods and some tour books suggest a gamy boots. On the other hand, many are the cause of Venices subsidence local industries pumping of water from to a lower place the Venice region, the oxidation of peat that forms as part of the substrate, the compaction of spongy sediments caused by the system of weights of buildings.From time to time the place of subsidence become bigger. This is due to the rate of increment population in what way? Population is growing not linearly but in a parabolic manner, in that case the rate of weight the underlying soil is carrying is also increasing and so with the rate of water needs . Weathering also contributes to the sinking of the city. Rocks to a lower place are exposed to chemical weathering due to the chemicals that human thrown. Mechanical weathering on the other hand plays littler role than chemical weathering.Also, the melting of the ice due to global warming causes the sea level to examine thus making Venice sink. Many plans are proposed on the case of Venice. What I can suggest to go on the city from sinking is to nourish the city with a harder material that will serve as a foundation at the bottom. Also floodgates will help, and, the population, quantity of tourist, and the building construction should be controlled and above tout ensemble control the cause of global warming. In this way the citys beauty will be preserved.

Response paper to Ian Hodder’s “Ethics and Archaeology” Essay Example for Free

Response paper to Ian Hodders Ethics and Archaeology EssayIan Hodders blindicle, Ethics and Archaeology The Attempt at Eatalhoyuk, basically discusses in detail the divergent roles that archaeologists assume during an barb and to a fault their ethical obligation and duty to the different communities on the station. Hodder claimed that the roles of archaeologists are not only control to studying human culture through unearthing, rec overing, documenting, analyzing, and interpreting re mains, historical objects, artifacts, and landscapes. In addition, he besides claimed that they do not also work up solely to serve the interest of their benefactors and sponsors. Rather, Hodder stated that archaeologists dupe bigger roles and wider responsibilities to the different sectors of the excavation set. In short, aside from the interest of their sponsors and other organizations that fund the digs, Hodder believes that it is also the duty of archaeologists to reach to the four-fold communities, interest groups, or stakeholders of any excavation point. In his paper, Hodder mainly focused his arguments on the Eatalhoyuk excavation pose where is the director of the archaeological dig.According to him, the stakeholders of most sites can be narrowed to four the politicians, the local residents, the in the altogether Age Goddess followers, and the artists. Hodder noted each of these communities has its own agenda or interest and it is part of the archaeologists duty to somehow satisfy them. One of the stakeholders that are common to almost all archaeological sites is the politicians or those in the seat of power. Generally, based on Hodders paper, all politicians support archaeological digs hasten their own agenda or interests. These may involve governors, mayors, or government representatives from the surrounding area of the site.Hodder claimed that although a lot of these politicians hail the archaeological site for its richness in taradiddle, culture, and id entity, among others, their interests mainly lie on a single thing widesp determine publicity. While the politicians desire to be seen on television or read on the newspapers is normal, Hodder stressed that it is the archaeologists role to limit the ways in which they use the site for their personal motives. He also stated that archaeologists should also verify ein truth piece of culture that a politician gives to the public active the site.For example, there are certain politicians who claim to be descendants of the sites residents and speak about his or her origins. In this case, it is the archaeologists responsibility to verify these claims and match that they are true. some other community that has its own interests is the local residents. According to Hodder, in general, these residents, who have low incomes and limited education, mainly have practical concerns such as earning money for helping in the excavation. However, they are also interested about the history of the si tes and how they contributed to their identity.In this regard, Hodder stated in his paper that is archaeologists job to educate them about their cultural history and identity using solid evidence found on the digs. In turn, these local residents may worry their personal experiences from living in the sites environment to tourists and researchers as these are helpful information. The forward-looking Age Goddess groups, on the other hand, mainly go to excavation sites, such as in Eatalhoyuk, to ask and to practice their beliefs which are in honor of their Goddess, which was a highly significant figure in the onetime(prenominal).Their main concerns, according to Hodder, would mostly be regarding the history of the Goddess and the role of women in the Eatalhoyuks past. Thus, the archaeologists should try to address these concerns and render evidence that would show how women lived in the communities of Eatalhoyuk thousands of years ago. By doing so, Hodder surmised that this would not only serve the Goddess groups interests but also avoid any misinformation regarding the sites history.Finally, another sector that has shown significsnt interest in Eatalhoyuk is the artists group. Hodder noted that over the past years, more and more artists have arrived at Eatalhoyuk mainly to create works about the site. However, he claimed that there are also certain artists who help in the interpretation, reconstruction, and visualization of the art objects found in the site. Hodder stated that the main concern of this group is whether the objects unearthed during digs and excavations could be considered art or not.Meaning to say, most of these artists are particularly interested in identifying and describing the works of art recovered from sites. In this regard, the archaeologists involved, according to Hodder, should ensure that these works of art or aesthetic objects are verified to be genuine using past studies and other evidence found on the site. Certain artists also i nquire about the role that art played in the history of Eatalhoyuk and it is the archaeologists duty to satisfy those questions to the best of his or her abilities.In short, what Hodder was trying to point out in his paper was that archeologists should always consider the agenda and interests of all the groups and sectors concerned during an excavation as it reaps greater rewards and is also more ethical than serving only personal interests. Personally, I agree with Hodders claims in his paper. His use of historical evidence and real life situations make his arguments very convincing. I also think it is unethical for archaeologists to go on digs mainly to become noted or serve their own interests only.Rather than setting one agenda, I believe it is important to work with different communities as exemplified by Hodders work in Eatalhoyuk as there are greater things at stake. Since archaeologists experiences firsthand what its like to be in an excavation site or dig, he or she should use his or her knowledge and skill to verify all the information and answer all the questions surrounding an archaeological site. This is not only professional obligation but also an ethical duty.Works CitedHodder, Ian. Ethics and Archaeology The Attempt at Eatalhoyuk. Near Easter Archaeology 65 No. 3 (2002) 174-181.

Summary of Mortal Engines Essay Example for Free

Summary of Mortal Engines EssayThe script begins by introducing the very lovable main charcter who the story is told by, Tom natsworthy, he is a 13 grade old son who works in the historians guild aboard london a large metropolis that has been put on masssive wheels and now roams about what is called the hunting grounds in search of prey. He is what is called a tractionist these argon poeple that after a catacylsmic war that completed decimated the planets population and created massive tracks ofunhabitable landscapes, devolped the technology to make thier cities erratic in order to maneuver the terrain. Their is still an ongoing war between the two factions, the tractionists who believe in Darwism and survival of the fittest and the anti-tracionists who believe in cites being stationary. The story follows the dramatic howeverts that take a scholarly boy out of his sheltered ensnareting at a museum and thrusts him into a world of anti-tracionists, air pirates, and reserected humans off-key into mechanical monsters.Tom is in strong contrast to the characters around him, including another main character hester, an anti tracionist whos father abonded her and mother who was killed in front of her when she was just five and since then has become a wary and cut throat killer, these two unlikely companions are forced to work together to survive when they are both stranded in barren wastelands.These contrasting characters examplify themes that thread through this book, those of mechanical and organic, the ancient and modern, high-priced and evil. despite their releationship with eachother Tom and Hester were raised to have completly diffrent philisophical views of the world but are able to eventually nurture to accept one anothers idoelogies through the experinces and hardships they go through together.It was a dark, blustery afernoon in spring, and the city of capital of the United Kingdom was chasing a small mining town across the dried-otu bed of the ol d North Sea. in happier times, capital of the United Kingdom would have never bothered with such feeble prey. The great Traction City had once fatigued its days huntign far bigger towns than this This quote illustrates the dog eat dog world this book is set in and is an example of a reoccuring theme that is thread throughout the book, the contrast between mechanical and organic. The poeple in the book are graced with advanced technology that we could only dream of, yet they use it in such a primal way. They somehow have reverted to primative ways and use their collussul creations to hunt one another even to the exstent that they refer to cities as if they were living creatures. The tone is both dark and medevil withe the anger of conflict and war permiating this science fiction scenario.An attraction and strength of this book is the invetive settings and originality of the cultures and characters that inhabit the story. It is a vivid and invetive steam lens hood book that melds s cience fitcion and the future with so many elements that are familair from the past with deep thought provking ideas. The exposition of the landscapes interoir and exteroir the detailed inventions and the gripping plot hold the readers attention and leave you anticipating were the story will go next.

Evolution of Management Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Management EssayFrom the Biblical times we visualise monarchies of the time use some form of anxiety to lord over the great kingdoms such as the Egyptians who used hierarchy commission to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites through the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in charge of the kingdom of Israel. In Ancient civilizations, the Roman Empire made use of devolved political relation to manage the vast empires resources. This was d one and only(a) through governors who were in charge of certain aras as we see in the bible during the birth of Jesus Christ. We can picture artifacts that in old cities such as capital of Israel where we find aqueducts that give us an idea of how they managed the water resources. Modernization of the world take to cities and towns that brought about the expect to manage the resources in order to bid services to the people living within them. We also find management in the church and military be fore the industrial revolution.The Roman Catholic Church is one example that has had an impact on management as we see in the catholic hierarchy led by the pope and includes cardinals, patriarchs, and bishops. The Military has greatly influenced management through power vested in positions in the range of mountains of command. Management continued to evolve and we find individuals in history who have made contributions to the art of management as we know it Luka Pacioli was an Italian mathematician considered the father of accounting.He invented the double entry accounting system. Adam metalworker was a political economist whose concepts on economics at the beginning of the industrial revolution contributed greatly to management today. Robert Owens, Charles Babbage, heat content Vernum Poor and Henry Robinson Towne are other individuals who were influential to management in this era. With the blast of the industrial revolution, new ways of management came into play as new generat ions looked to increase productivity of organizations. guileless EraScientific Management Scientific management was pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor a mechanical engineer who sought-after(a) to improve industrial efficiency. He saw the need to have management design jobs properly and provide incentives to motivate workers to achieve higher productivity. His ideology was to find the best practice, decompose the task into its constituent elements and channel rid of things that do not add value. Taylors scientific management gave way to specialization and is considered the understructure to many other management systems that came after. Taylor was supported in this new way of management by Henry Gantt who is ac ascribe with the Gantt chart that is widely used for project management. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were also early advocates of the scientific management system. Through the motion study, Frank sought to make the processes more efficient by reducing the motions date Lillians interest was on the human aspect of work. The human aspect of the scientific management principles assay to understand the workers personality and needs.Administrative ManagementHenri Fayol, was a French engineer and manager of the mines developed the administrative theory of management. He viewed management as an activity common to all human undertakings. He is credited to giving us the first comprehensive functions of management1.Planning2.Organizing 3.Command/Direct 4.Coordinate 5.Control He urged that management was an all include activity that should be taught in schools, colleges and universities. This approach proposed that management is a skill which can be acquired if its principles are understood and rejected the idea that managers are born, not made.Bureaucratic ManagementA German Sociologist, Max Webers approach to management was by focusing on the organizational structure. His views shared out organizations into hierarchies with clear lines of authority and control, divided labor such that authority and responsibility are clearly delineate and legitimized, organizational officials are appointed and not elected, organization members are selected on the basis of their technical arriere pensee obtained through formal education and training. Organizations are to treat all employees and customers equally and not be influenced by differences. Webers principles on organizing can create stable, organized and systematic organizations but make it toilsome for the organization to adapt to changing environments and new challenges.Neo-Classical EraOperations Management (Research) Operations management, also cognise as quantitative management, gives a quantitative basis for decision making. It is characterised by the search for the optimal suffice to a problem by using quantitative models. It specially deals with the development of mathematical models to aid in decision making and problem solving. This theory holds that managing is a logical and ration ale process, so it can be expressed in terms of mathematical models.